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Baltringer Haufen : ウィキペディア英語版
Baltringer Haufen

The Baltringer Haufen (also spelled ''Baltringer Haufe'', German for Baltringen Band, Baltringen Troop or Baltringen Mob) was prominent among several armed groups of peasants and craftsmen during the German Peasants' War of 1524–1525. The name derived from the small Upper Swabian village of Baltringen, which lies approximately south of Ulm in the district of Biberach, Germany. In the early modern period the term ''Haufe(n)'' (literally: heap) denoted a lightly organised military formation particularly with regard to Landsknecht regiments.〔D. W. Sabean, ''Landbesitz und Gesellschaft am Vorabend des Bauernkriegs'', p. 8〕
== Formation of the ''Baltringer Haufen'' ==
According to the account of a nun from nearby Heggbach Abbey, local peasants assembled and conferred in an inn at Baltringen for the first time on Christmas Eve 1524.〔F. Baumann, ''Quellen'', p. 277.〕 From then on regular meetings took place,〔A. Waas, ''Die Bauern im Kampf um Gerechtigkeit: 1300 - 1525'', p. 179〕 the number of attendants reaching 80 at the beginning of February 1525. Whereas in other regions the peasants met and discussed at markets, in Baltringen this occurred during the ''Fastnacht'' (Carnival) season, which aided conspirative gatherings in that peasants were wont to travel from village to village for eating and drinking, giving them the opportunity to discuss matters at hand.〔J. M. Stayer, ''The German Peasants’ War and Anabaptist Community of Goods'', p. 21〕 Drawing participants from the whole region, these meetings eventually became more regular, taking place every Tuesday with the number of attendants gradually swelling to 400, at which point meetings were beginning to be held in open space, the ''Baltringer Ried'', a boggy area (now drained) just outside the village of Baltringen. On 3 or 4 February 1525 the peasants chose as their representative Ulrich Schmid (Huldrich Schmid), a blacksmith from the nearby village of Sulmingen, who hesitantly accepted the task.〔''Johannes Kesslers Sabbata'', p. 173ff.〕

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